Square



Mardi 5 1929 c. R. CRANDLEMERE 1,704,462

- Y SQUARE h Filed Nov. 5, 1925 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 March 5, 1929 c. R. CRANDLEMERE SQUARE 2 Skeets-Sheet Filed Nov. 5, 1925 Patented Mar. 5, 1929.

PATENTFOFFICE.

CHARLES B. GRAND, F AMHEBST, MASSACHUSETTS.

SQUARE.

Application lled November This inventionrelates to improvements in squares for use by carpenters in layin out the various component parts of a roo and has as its general object to provide a square which will greatly facilitate this Work and permit of laying out of the rafters Without any mathematical calculations being reuired on the part of the carpenter, so that t e work may be more accurately carried out and in a more expeditious manner.

The invention has as another object to provide a square embodying indicia upon its opposite faces indicating the num er of inches the longest jack rafters are shorter than the common rafters, in accordance with the rise of the roof, the distance the rafters are spaced apart, the side cuts for octagon hip rafters and for Octagon jack rafters, the side cuts for hip or valleys rafters and for hip or valley jack rafters, the diference in length in studding in the gables, etc.

The present application is a continuation in part of my prior application filed February 3,1925, Serial No. 6,564.

In the accompanying drawings: Figure 1 is a plan view of one side of the square embodying the invention.

Figure 2 is a similar view of the opposite side of the square.

Figure 3 is a plan View illustrating the manner in which the blade and the arm of the square may be brought to lie parallel to each other, when the square is not in use.

Figure 4: is a fragmentary plan view of one member of the s nare, illustratin one section of the jointdaetween the bla e and the arm.

Figure 5 is a sectional view taken substantially on the line 5-5 of Figure 3.

Figures 6, 7 and 8 are views illustrating one method of using the square in laying out and cutting a rafter.

The blade of the square is indicated by the numeral 1 and the arm of the s uare by the `numeral 2. The blade 1 is pre erably provided with a lateral extension 3 at one end having a semi-circular end edge 4 terminating at one side in a shoulder 5. The arm 2 is provided with a lateral substantially circular extension 6 and with a shoulder 7 located at the outer side thereof. The extension 6 s, im. semi no. 61,054.

is formed with a series of lugs indicated by the numeral 8, spaced at an angle of ninety 4 degrees from one another, and the extension 3 is provided upon one face with a series of recesses 9 to accommodate the said lugs 8, a pivot pin or screw 10 being fitted throu h an openingin the extension 3 and thread into an opening in the extension 6 and constituting means for connecting the two members of the square in assembled relation, it bein evident by reference to Figures 1, `2 and 3 o the drawings, that the blade and arm may be assembled so as to extend `at right les to each other, or these parts maybe ta en down and adjusted to the position shown in Figure 3, in whichpositionthey will extend parallel to and beside each other, and in either case be held in the respective position of ad- Justinent through the medium of the pivot screw 10. Of course, if desired, the lugs 8 and recesses 9 might be dispensed with and i the square blade and arm permittedto pivot. y

A linear scale l1 is provided u n one face of the blade 1 of the square an represente inches and fractions of inches, and extends from one end of the blade to the other end thereof. A similar scale 12 is provided along the outer edge of the arm 2 and extends from one end of said blade to the other end thereof. In like manner, a linear scale representing inches and fractions of inches, andindi` cated by the numeral 13, Jisprovided upon i the said face of the blade 1 and extends` along the inner edge of the blade from the inner end thereof tothe outer end, and acorresponding linear scale 14 is provided upon the said face of the arm 2 and likewise extends from the inner end of the inner edge of said arm to the outer end of said edge. It

`will be observed by reference tofFigurel,

that the scale marks defining the inch divisions of the linear scale 11 are extended amara spacing in inches of the common and jack rafters of a roof, the Ordinals Whichimmediately follow the Word Rise wherever this word occurs in the longitudinal spaces 37 and 38, indicating the rise in inches of different roofs, per foot, and the numerical designation indicated by the numeral 45 represents the difference in length between the jack rafters and the common rafters, in accordance with the rise in inches to the foot.

The square is employed in laying out com mon rafters, jack rafters, hip rafters, and valley rafters, and in laying out the various rafters, the length of one of the common rafters is first determined in order that the same may be used as a pattern for laying out all of the jack rafters. In obtaining this result, and assuming that the building dimensions are twenty-four feet by thirty-six feet and thatthe ridge is twelve feet long and the rise eight inches per foot, the seat cut S and tail cut T are laid out by the use of the square, as shown in Figure 6, the square being disposed upon the piece of lum- 5 ber which is to constitute the common rafter,

with the twelve inch mark of the scale 11 and the eight inch mark of the scale 12 in registration with one longitudinal edge of the said rafter, in the customary manner. Then, by laying the square upon the rafter in the position shown in Figure 6 of the drawings, with the said twelve inch and eight inch scale marks in registration with one longitudinal edge of the rafter and moving the square along the rafter in step by step movement a number of steps corresponding to the number of feet equalling One half the width of the building in feet, as shown in Figure 7, and then moving the square back alone' the rafter a distance equal to one half the thick,

ness of the ridge rafter of the building to be erected, the outer edge of the arm of the square may serve as a guide along which to draw a pencil or other marker to indicate the line on which this end of the rafter is to be cut to complete the layout of the rafter.

Several examples of the use of the square embodying the invention are as follows: Let it be assumed that it is desired to mark a side cut for a hip Or valley rafter which is to be disposed at an eight inch rise per foot. Referring to the blade 1 of the square in Figure 2, and to the disconnected end portion of the blade, it will be noted that the indicating numerals for side cuts for hip or valley rafters are to be found in the longitudinal series of spaces 39 and, locatingr the eight inch mark on the edge of the blade in the scale 29, it will he observed that the numerals 9-10 appear directly below the scale mark 8. Therefore, this indicates that the square is to be placed upon the rafter to be cut with the nine inch mark Of the scale 31 of the arm 2 and the ten inch mark of the scale 29 of the blade 1 registering with the edge of the rafter whereupon a pencilfor othermarker may be drawn along t 1e outeredge of the blade 1. 1f

a jack'rafter is to be marked fora side cut i with a rise of eight inches per foot, it will be noted that in the longitudinal series ofspaces 40, in which numerals appear indicating side cuts for hip or valley jack rafters, the` numerals 1012 appear under the eight inch mark of the scale 29 and, therefore, the square will be disposed as before stated with the ten inch mark of the arm 2 and the twelve inch mark of the blade 1 registering with the edge of the rafter. Where an Octagon hip rafter is to be marked for a side cut, and the rise is eight inches per foot, reference is had to the side of the square shown in Figure 1 of the drawings and to the numeral designations in the longitudinal series of spaces 16 and it will be Observed that under the eight inch linear scale marks Of the scale 11, the numerals 5-153/8 appear. Therefore, the square is applied with the five inch mark of the arm 2 and the fifteen and three-eighths inch mark of the blade 1 registering with the edge of the rafter and the saine is marked as before. If an Octagon jack rafter is to `be marked for a side cut where the rise is eight inches per foot, reference is made to the scale `in the lon-V gitudinal series of spaces 17 on the blade 1 of the square, as shown in Figure 1, which scale gives indicating numerals for side cuts for Octagon jack rafters and it will beobserved that under the eight inch mark of the linear scale 11, the numerals 5-141/2 appear. Therefore, the square is disposed u on the Octagon jack rafter with the five inc mark of the arm 2 and fourteen and One-half inch mark of the blade 1 registering with the edge of the said rafter, and the rafter may then be marked.

Having thus described the invention, what I claim is:

A framing square having a blade and an arm extending transversel from one end thereof and disposed at rig t angles thereto, linear scale markings being provided along both faces of the arm and blade and designat ing inches and fractions thereof, the blade bearing a series of numerals beneath certain of the inch markings on one of its faces and each indicating side cuts for the hip and valley rafters of a roof, the inch rise per foot run of which corresponds to the companion inch markinor of the scale, another series of numerals L.being provided upon the blade beneath certain ofthe inch markings of the said scale and indicating side cuts for hip and valley jack rafters, the other face of the blade having a series of numerals provided thereon beneath certain of the inch markings of its scale to designate side cuts for Octagon rafters of a roof, the inch rise per foot run of which corresponds to the companion inch markings of the scale, another series of numerals being provided thereon beneath certain of the inch markings of the last-mentioned scale to designate side cuts for octagon jack rafters, the blade further having provided upon its lastlnentioned face a plurality of series of numerals indicating the distances rafters are spaced from each other between longitudinal center lines thereof, numerals below the series of numerals indicating Various rises in inches per foot of roofs. and numerals below the .series of numerals and opposite the last-ineni0 tioned rise indicating numerals designating the number of inches the longest jack rafters are shorter than the common rafters.

In testimony whereof I afx my signature.

CHARLES R. CRANDLEMERE. [L 5.] 

